Early+Years

** Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading[|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO.** **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**


 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS
 * a committee formed of nations across the world
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * Made by the US in response to Communism in European nations.
 * It's meant to prevent the growth of hostile countries territory and limit the country's influence. ||  || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg height="218" align="center" caption="George Kenean"]] ||
 * George Kenean ||  ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * the policy was one that mandated an active role for the United States in containing the spread of communism around the world
 * The aid Truman envisaged was primarily financial, which Congress granted by appropriating $400 million to the two countries, Greece and Turkey to help prevent the spread of communism in their nations
 * It also formed the backbone of America's cold war policy and led to both financial and military entanglements throughout the world, including the wars in Korea and Vietnam. ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * The **United States was interested not only in containing the threat of Soviet expansion but also in expanding its own foreign policy—and economic influence—particularly in Western Europe **
 * In his speech, Marshall proposed that the nations of Europe outline a comprehensive plan for their own economic recovery—with U.S. financial support
 * In July 1947, the Conference (later Committee) of European Economic Cooperation met in Paris to begin drafting a plan in response to Marshall's offer || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * The Berlin airlift was a massive transfer of essential supplies flown into Berlin, Germany during 1948 and 1949 by British and U.S. forces in around-the-clock missions. The airlift was both an important incident of the cold war and the most extraordinary peacetime military operation in history.
 * According to a closely timed schedule, in all weather, and with frequent harassment from Soviet fighter planes, more than 277,264 flights were made into Berlin carrying 2,343,315 tons of food and coal. The record day was Easter Sunday (April 16, 1949), when 1,298 flights lifted 12,940 tons of supplies into the city. The lives of 75 British and American airmen were lost during the period. ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a mutual defense alliance of nations from Europe and North America. The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in 1949 by Great Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, United States, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway, and Portugal.
 * NATO was organized to defend member nations from the possible aggression of the Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern Europe, which formed the Warsaw Treaty Organization six years later. Originating as an anticommunist alliance during the cold war, NATO has recently sought to redefine its role as East-West tensions have eased. || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * The phrase red scare refers to the irrational but rampant fear of communism that swept the United States twice during the 20th century.
 * (HUAC) was formed to investigate communist activity in the United States during the Cold War ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * There was a civil war in china, the commuinists defeated the nationalists.
 * The Nationalists were supported by the US
 * Mao Zedong became the new leader of China
 * One of the causes of the Korean War || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM** *Used Korean war to incr3ease fear of communism
 * Mccarthy claimed he knew of commuinists in the US
 * became the term for reckless charges against innocent citizens (salem witch trials???) || [[image:turningpoints2010:180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg align="center" caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE
 * The Soviets expanded their space program during the cold war and beginning in 1957, launched a series of Sputnik satellites, three of which reached orbit.
 * Sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957, was the first artificial satellite to successfully orbit the Earth.